Nomenclature
CAS number: 67-64-1
2-Propanone; dimethylformaldehyde; dimethyl ketone; β-ketopropane; pyroacetic ether.
C
3H
6O; mol wt 58.08.
C 62.04%, H 10.41%, O 27.55%.
Description and references
Obtained by fermentation (by-product of butyl
alcohol manufacture) or by chemical synthesis from isopropanol (as
chief product); from cumene (by-product in phenol manufacture); from
propane (by-product of oxidation-cracking); Faith, Keyes & Clark's Industrial Chemicals, F. A.
Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed.,
1975) pp 21-25. Toxicity: Smyth et al., Ind. Hyg. J. 23, 95 (1962). Review: W. L. Howard in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 1 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 5th ed., 2004)
pp 160-177. Review of toxicology and human exposure: Toxicological Profile for Acetone (PB95-100095,
1994) 276 pp; of use in chemical ionization MS: S. Prabhakar, M. Vairamani, Mass Spectrom. Rev. 16, 259-281 (1997) DOI.
Properties
Volatile liquid; characteristic odor; pungent,
sweetish taste. Flammable. d2525 0.788. bp 56.5°.
mp 94°. nD20 1.3591. Flash pt, closed cup: 0°F (18°C). Miscible with water,
alcohol, DMF, chloroform, ether, most volatile oils. LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth).Caution
Potential symptoms of overexposure
are irritation of eyes, nose and throat; headache, dizziness, CNS
depression; dermatitis. See NIOSH
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997)
p 2.Use
Solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics,
lacquers, varnishes, rubber cements. Versatile reagent in organic
synthesis. Manuf of coatings, plastics, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
In production of other solvents and intermediates including: methyl
isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetic acid (ketene process), diacetone
alcohol, bisphenol A, methyl methacrylate, explosives, rayon, photographic
films, isoprene. In storing acetylene gas (takes up about 24 times
its vol of the gas). In extraction of various principles from animal
and plant substances; in paint and varnish removers; purifying paraffin;
hardening and dehydrating tissues. Analytical uses in liquid chromatography;
cleaning glassware. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).