Description and references

Physiological methyl donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions; present in all living organisms. Enzymatic prepn: G. L. Cantoni, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74, 2942 (1952). Synthesis of racemate: J. Baddiley, G. A. Jamieson, J. Chem. Soc. 1954, 4280; of optically active chloride: C. H. Shunk, J. W. Richter, US 2969353 (1961 to Merck & Co.). Review of enzymatic and microbial prepns: S. Shimizu, H. Yamada, Trends Biotechnol. 2, 137-141 (1984). Pharmacology and toxicity: G. Stramentinoli et al., Minerva Med. 66, 1541 (1975). Radioenzymatic determn in biological fluids: P. Giulidori, G. Stramentinoli, Anal. Biochem. 137, 217 (1984). Cytoprotective effects against bile-acid induced apoptosis: C. R. L. Webster et al., Vet. Ther. 3, 474 (2002). Clinical trial in arthritis: J. D. Bradley et al., J. Rheumatol. 21, 905 (1994); in depression: M. Fava et al., Psychiatry Res. 56, 295 (1995). Review of clinical efficacy in intrahepatic cholestasis: M. Coltorti et al., Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2, 69-78 (1990); in neurological disorders: T. Bottiglieri et al., Drugs 48, 137-152 (1994). Review of role in biological methylation: P. K. Chiang et al., FASEB J. 10, 471-480 (1996). Symposium on use in treatment of alcoholic liver disease: Alcohol 27, 149-198 (2002). Review of clinical use in canine hepatitis: A. Honeckman, Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract. 18, 239-244 (2003); in management of heptobiliary disorders: S. A. Center, Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 34, 67-172 (2004).

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Derivative