Nomenclature
CAS number: 75-15-0
Carbon bisulfide; dithiocarbonic anhydride.
CS
2; mol wt 76.14.
C 15.77%, S 84.23%.
Description and references
Minute amounts occur in coal tar and in crude
petroleum. Prepd on an industrial scale by heating charcoal with
vaporized sulfur; from sulfur and natural gas: Faith, Keyes & Clark's Industrial Chemicals, F. A.
Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed.,
1975) pp 224-229. Laboratory purification: Glemser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry vol. 1, G. Brauer, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd
ed., 1963) p 652. Review of production and uses: Bushell, Chem. Ind. (London) 1961, 1465;
R. W. Timmerman in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia
of Chemical Technology vol. 4 (Wiley-Interscience,
New York, 3rd ed., 1978) pp 742-757; of toxicology and human exposure:
Toxicological Profile for Carbon Disulfide (PB97-121073, 1996) 252 pp.
Properties
Highly refractive, mobile liquid. Flammable, poisonous. May be ignited by hot steam pipes. The purest distillates ever obtained are reported to have a sweet,
pleasing, and ethereal odor, while the usual commercial and reagent
grades are foul smelling. Dec on standing for a long time. Burns
with a blue flame to CO2 and SO2. Flash pt, closed cup: -30°C. Ignition pt: 100°.
Explosive range: 1 to 50% (v/v) in air. d40 1.29272; d415 1.27055; d420 1.2632; d430 1.24817. Vapors sink to the ground. Vapor density 2.67
(air = 1). mp -111.6°. bp1.0 -73.8°; bp10 -44.7°; bp100 -5.1°; bp400 28.0°; bp760 46.5°; bp(2 atm) 69.1°; bp(5 atm) 104.8°. Crit temp 280.0°; crit press. 72.9
atm. nD15 1.63189; nD20.1 1.62803; n23.5 1.62543. Surface tension at 20°: 32.25.
Coefficient of viscosity at 20°: 0.363. Heat of vaporization at
bp: 84.1 cal/g. Heat of fusion: 1.049 kcal/mole. Heat capacity
at 24.3°: 18.17 cal/mole/deg: Brown, Manov, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 500 (1937). Ebullioscopic
constant: 2.35°. Dielectric constant at low frequencies: 2.641.
Dipole moment: 0.0. Soly in water at 20°: 0.294%. Soly of water
in CS2: <0.005%. Azeotrope with water bp 42.6°, contains 97.2% CS2. Misc with anhydr methanol, ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform,
carbon tetrachloride, oils. Can be stored in iron, aluminum, glass,
porcelain, Teflon.Caution
Poisoning usually occurs from inhalation
but also may be caused by ingestion and skin absorption. Direct contact
with liquid or concentrated vapors may cause irritation of skin, eyes,
mucous membranes; eye and skin burns; dermatitis. Potential symptoms
of acute overexposure are headache, garlicky breath, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, vertigo, dizziness, poor sleep; CNS depression
with respiratory paralysis. Potential symptoms of chronic overexposure
are nervousness, anorexia, weight loss; psychosis; polyneuropathy;
Parkinson-like syndrome; ocular changes; coronary heart disease; gastritis;
kidney and liver injury; reproductive effects; marked psychic disturbances
ranging from extreme irritability to mania with hallucinations, tremors,
auditory and visual disturbances. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140,
1997) p 52; Clinical Toxicology of Commercial
Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams
& Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section III, pp 90-93.Use
In the manuf of rayon, carbon tetrachloride, xanthogenates,
soil disinfectants, electronic vacuum tubes. Solvent for phosphorus,
sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine, fats, resins, rubbers.