Nomenclature
CAS number: 630-08-0
CO; mol wt 28.01.
C 42.88%, O 57.12%.
Description and references
Produced on an industrial scale by partial
oxidation of hydrocarbon gases from natural gas or by the gasification
of coal and coke. Conveniently prepd in the laboratory by heating
calcium carbonate with Zn dust: Weinhouse, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70, 442 (1948); by dehydration
of formic acid with H2SO4: Gilliland, Blanchard, Inorg. Synth. 2, 81 (1946). Purification
of carbon monoxide bought in steel cylinders: A. Klemenc, Die Behandlung und Reindarstellung von Gasen (Vienna, 1948) p 160; Glemser in Handbook
of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry vol. 1, G.
Brauer, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed., 1963) p 646. Review: R. Pierantozzi in Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 5 (Wiley-Interscience,
New York, 4th ed., 1993) pp 97-122. Review of clinical toxicology:
Stewart, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 15, 409-423 (1975); D. Gorman et al., Toxicology 187, 25-38 (2003);
of industrial toxicology: Patty's Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology vol. 2F, G. D. Clayton,
F. E. Clayton, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed., 1994)
pp 4523-4552.
Properties
Odorless, colorless, tasteless gas. Ignition
pt in air: 700°. mp -205.0°. bp -191.5°. d4-195 (liq) 0.814. d (gas) 0.968 (air = 1.000). d40 at
760 mm: 1.250 g/liter. The top pressure
is 1500 psi. Poisonous, flammable. Flammable limits in air: 12 to 75 vol %. Crit press 35 atm, crit
temp -139°. Heat capacity at 20°: 6.95 cal/mole/°C. Heat value
per m3: 3033 kcal. Heat of formation: -26.39 kcal/mol.
Dec into carbon and carbon dioxide between 400 and 700°, at lower
temp when in contact with catalytic surfaces. Above 800° the equilibrium
reaction favors CO formation. Hopcalite, a mixture of the oxides
of manganese and copper, catalyzes the decompn at room temp, as does
Pd on silica gel. Sparingly sol in water: 3.3 ml/100 ml H2O at 0°; 2.3 ml/100 ml H2O at 20°; freely absorbed by
a concd soln of cuprous chloride in HCl or in NH4OH. Appreciably
sol in some organic solvents, such as ethyl acetate, CHCl3, acetic acid. The soly in methanol and ethanol is about 7 times
as great as the soly in water.Caution
Combines with the hemoglobin in
the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin which disrupts oxygen transport
and delivery throughout the body. Potential symptoms of overexposure
by inhalation are headache, tachypnea, nausea, vomiting, lassitude,
fatigue, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations; dimness of vision;
irritability, impaired judgement; cyanosis; depression of S-T segment
of electrocardiogram, angina, syncope; coma. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH
97-140, 2003) p 54; Clinical Toxicology of
Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section
III, pp 94-101.Use
As reducing agent in metallurgical operations especially
in the Mond process for the recovery of nickel; in organic synthesis
especially in the Fischer-Tropsch processes for petroleum-type products
and in the oxo reaction; in the manuf of metal carbonyls.