Laser dye characterized by a broad tuning range. Prepn: F. G. Webster, W. C. McColgin, FR 2156723; eidem, US 3852683 (1973, 1974 both to Eastman Kodak); P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29, 331 (1979). Fluorescence lifetime measurements of cis/trans isomers: M. Meyer et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 150, 484 (1988). Photophysical properties and consequences for use: J.-C. Mialocq, M. Meyer, Laser Chem. 10, 277 (1990). Transient spectra: S. A. Kovalenko et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 258, 445 (1996). Use in polyimide systems for electro-optic devices: S. Ermer et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2272 (1992); in chemical actinometers: J.-C. Mialocq et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 69, 351 (1993).