Occurs in fennel oil and in the essential oil of Lavandula stoechas L., Labiatae. Isoln: Wallach, Ann. 263, 129 (1891); 353, 209 (1907); 369, 63 (1909); Shavrygin, J. Appl. Chem. USSR 12, 1201 (1939). Total synthesis: Boyle et al., Chem. Commun. 1971, 395; G. Buchbauer, H. C. Rohner, Ann. 1981, 2093. Toxicity study: P. M. Jenner et al., Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 2, 327 (1964). Review: Simonsen, The Terpenes vol. II (Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1949) pp 560-580; D. L. J. Opdyke, Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14, Suppl., 769-771 (1976).
Counterirritant.