Description and references

Evaluation as water-soluble paramagnetic relaxation reagent (PARR) for NMR spectrometry: J. J. Dechter, G. C. Levy, J. Magn. Reson. 39, 207 (1980); and prepn: T. J. Wenzel et al., Anal. Chem. 54, 615 (1982). Use as diagnostic medium for NMR imaging: H. Gries et al., DE 3129906; eidem, US 4647447 (1983, 1987 both to Schering AG). Physicochemical properties: H. Gries, H. Miklautz, Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR 16, 105 (1984); E. Roux, L. De Broe, J. Belge Radiol. 71, 31 (1988). Evaluation as NMR contrast-enhancing agent in animals: R. C. Brasch et al., Am. J. Roentgenol. 142, 625 (1984). Pharmacokinetics and toxicity: H. J. Weinmann et al., ibid. 619; in humans: H. J. Weinmann et al., Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR 16, 167 (1984). HPLC determn: M. M. Vora et al., J. Chromatogr. 369, 187 (1986). Exptl use in imaging reperfused myocardium in dogs: S. Schaefer et al., J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 12, 1064 (1988). Clinical studies of diagnostic use in brain imaging: R. Felix et al., Radiology 156, 681 (1985); J. P. Stack et al., Neuroradiology 30, 145 (1988). Safety and tolerance in humans: H. A. Goldstein et al., Radiology 174, 17 (1990). Reviews of diagnostic use in intracranial lesions: J. R. Hesselink, G. A. Press, Radiol. Clin. North Am. 26, 873-887 (1988); in spinal disease: G. Sze, ibid. 1009-1024.

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