Found in cinchona barks: Forst, Bhringer, Ber. 14, 1270 (1881); Hesse, ibid. 1683; idem, Ann. 214, 1 (1882); Skita, Nord, Ber. 45, 3312 (1912); Heidelberger, Jacobs, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41, 817 (1919). Configuration: Ochiai et al., J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 67, 211 (1947). Stereospecific synthesis from secologanin: R. T. Brown, D. Curless, Tetrahedron Lett. 27, 6005 (1986). Total synthesis: M. Ihara et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1988, 1277. Stereoisomer of hydrocinchonine, q.v.