Nomenclature
CAS number: 7722-84-1
Hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2); hydrogen dioxide; hydroperoxide; Albone; Hioxyl (Quinoderm); Lensan A (CIBA Vision); Mirasept (CIBA Vision); Oxysept (Allergan); Pegasyl (SweVet).
H
2O
2; mol wt 34.01.
H 5.93%, O 94.09%.
Description and references
First reported by Thenard in 1818; prepd by
treating barium peroxide with acid. Manuf of aqueous solns: Faith, Keyes & Clark's Industrial Chemicals, F. A. Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York,
4th ed., 1975) pp 487-495; R. Powell, Hydrogen
Peroxide Manufacture (Noyes Dev. Corp., Park Ridge, N.J.,
1968) 221 pp. Production of anhydr hydrogen peroxide by continuous
fractional crystn: Crewson, Ryan, US 2724640 (1955 to Becco). Production and
green reactions in liquid CO2, q.v.: D. Hncu et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 757 (2003). Use in green
oxidation reactions: R. Noyori et al., Chem. Commun. 2003, 1977. Properties
of 90% hydrogen peroxide: E. S. Shanley, F. P. Greenspan, Ind. Eng. Chem. 39, 1536 (1947).
Reviews: ACS Monograph Series no. 128, entitled “Hydrogen Peroxide,” W. C. Schumb,
Ed. (Reinhold, New York, 1955) 759 pp; Ebsworth et al., in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol. 2, J. C. Bailar, Jr. et al., Eds. (Pergamon
Press, Oxford, 1973) pp 771-778; J. R. Kirchner in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 13 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1981)
pp 12-38.
Properties
Colorless, rather unstable liquid; bitter taste.
Distillable in high vacuum. May dec violently if traces of impurities
are present. d0 1.463. mp 0.43°. bp 152°. Misc
with water; sol in ether. Insol in petr ether. Decomposed into water
and oxygen by many organic solvents. Marketed as a soln in water
in concns of 3-90% by wt. Solns of hydrogen peroxide gradually deteriorate
and are usually stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar
organic materials. Agitation or contact with rough surfaces, metals
or many other substances accelerates decompn. Rapidly dec by alkalies,
finely divided metals; the presence of mineral acid renders it more
stable. Oxidizer, corrosive. Keep protected
from light and in a cool place.Derivative
3% Solution.
Properties
Contains 2.5-3.5% by wt of H2O2 = 8-12 vols oxygen. Colorless, slightly acid liq. d ≈1.00.Derivative
30% Solution.
Properties
Contains 30% by wt of H2O2 = 100 vols of oxygen. Clear, colorless liquid. d ≈1.11. Miscible with water. Now
replacing the 3% soln for industrial uses; diluted to the required
strength immediately before use. It also is used for making the 3%
soln.Caution
Potential symptoms of overexposure
are irritation of eyes, nose and throat; corneal ulceration; erythema,
vesicles on skin; bleaching of hair. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH
97-140, 1997) p 168.Use
Environmentally friendly oxidant. Bleaching agent
in foods, textiles, and personal care products; oxidant in wastewater
treatment. Catalyst. Used in analytical chemistry for trace metal
analysis. A 90% soln is used in rocket propulsion.
Therapeutic Category
Antiseptic; disinfectant.
Therapeutic Category (Veterinary)
Topical antiseptic and cleansing agent
(as a dilute soln).
Keywords
Antiseptic/Disinfectant; Peroxides/Permanganates