Isolation from bulb of Fritillaria imperialis L., Liliaceae: Fragner, Ber. 21, 3284 (1888); Boit, ibid. 87, 472 (1954); from Petilium eduardi: Shakirov et al., C.A. 60, 13280h (1964). Identity with sipeimine and raddeamine: Chu et al., C.A. 53, 7503e (1959); Nurridinov, Yunusov, C.A. 57, 15165h (1962). Structure: Nuriddinov et al., Khim. Prir. Soedin. 3, 316 (1967); C.A. 68, 69168g (1968). Prepn of the β-d-glucopyranoside: Shakirov et al., C.A. 63, 1858e (1965). Isolation and structure of the β-d-glucopyranoside: eidem, C.A. 63, 3007f (1965). Absolute configuration: S. It et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 3161.