Description and references

Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus Okami & Umezawa from Japanese soil: Umezawa et al., J. Antibiot. 10A, 181 (1957); US 2931798 (1960). Comprised of three components, kanamycin A, the major component (usually designated as kanamycin) and kanamycins B and C, two minor congeners. Isoln and purification of kanamycins A and B and their salts: Johnson et al., and Johnson, Hardcastle, US 2936307 and US 2967177 (1960, 1961 both to Bristol-Myers). Separation process: Rothrock, Putter, US 3032547 (1962 to Merck & Co.). Prepn of kanamycin C: Murase et al., J. Antibiot. 14A, 156 (1961). Studies on kanamycin B: Wakazawa et al., ibid. 180, 187. Structure of kanamycin A: Ogawa et al., ibid. 11A, 169 (1958); Cron et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 4741 (1958). Structure of kanamycin B: Ito et al., J. Antibiot. 17A, 189 (1964). Structure of kanamycin C: Murase, ibid. 14A, 367 (1961). Abs config of kanamycin A: Hichens, Rinehart, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 1547 (1963); Umezawa et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 39, 1244 (1966). Crystal structure of kanamycin A: Koyama et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 1875. Monograph: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 76, 17-408 (1958). Synthesis of kanamycin A: Umezawa et al., J. Antibiot. 21, 367 (1968); Nakajima et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 623; Umezawa et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42, 533 (1969). Synthesis of kanamycin B: eidem, J. Antibiot. 21, 424 (1968); Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42, 537 (1969). Chemical conversion of kanamycin B to kanamycin C: S. Toda et al., J. Antibiot. 30, 1002 (1977). Synthesis of kanamycin C: Umezawa et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 41, 533 (1968); J. Antibiot. 21, 162 (1968). Effects on protein synthesis: Suzuki et al., ibid. 23, 99 (1970). Toxicity data (kanamycin A sulfate): Zel'tser et al., Antibiotiki 19, 552 (1974). Comprehensive description: P. J. Claes et al., Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 6, 259-296 (1977).

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