Sex pheromone of the female cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). Isoln, identification and synthesis: R. S. Berger, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59, 767 (1966). Synthesis and activity of isomers: N. Green et al., J. Med. Chem. 10, 533 (1967); H. H. Toba et al., J. Econ. Entomol. 63, 1048 (1970). Alternate syntheses: W. Seidel et al., Ber. 110, 3544 (1977); H. J. Bestmann et al., Ber. 112, 1923 (1979); M. Horiike, C. Hirano, Agric. Biol. Chem. 44, 2229 (1980); D. Basavaiah et al., J. Org. Chem. 47, 1792 (1982). Acute toxicity study: M. Beroza et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 31, 421 (1975).