Isolated from the bark of various Fagara species; from sesame oil: Bertram et al., Biochem. Z. 197, 1 (1928); from fruit of Piper lowong Blume, Piperaceae: Peinemann, Arch. Pharm. 234, 238 (1896). Structure: Cohen, Rec. Trav. Chim. 57, 653 (1938). Synthesis of dl-form: Beroza, Schechter, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78, 1242 (1956); Freudenberg, Naturwissenschaften 43, 16 (1956). Identity of dl-form with fagarol: Carnmalm, Acta Chem. Scand. 9, 1111 (1955); identity of d-form with pseudocubebin: idem, ibid. 10, 134 (1956). Stereochemistry of the d-isomer: Freudenberg, Sidhu, Ber. 94, 851 (1961); Becker, Beroza, Tetrahedron Lett. 1962, 157. Review: Budowski, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 41, 280 (1964).