8488. Silane

Nomenclature

CAS number: 7803-62-5
Silicon tetrahydride; silicane; monosilane.
H4Si; mol wt 32.12.
H 12.55%, Si 87.44%.
SiH4.

Description and references

Prepd from aluminum silicide and hydrochloric acid or by electrolysis of an aq soln of sodium, ammonium, manganese, or ferrous chloride using an aluminum-silicon alloy as the positive pole: Buff, W"ohler, Ann. 102, 128 (1857); from magnesium silicide and HCl: W"ohler, ibid. 106, 56 (1858); Stock, Somiesky, Ber. 49, 111 (1916); from zinc silicide and acid: Deville, Caron, Compt. Rend. 45, 163 (1857); from lithium silicide and acid: Moissan, ibid. 135, 1284 (1902); from magnesium silicide and ammonium bromide or chloride in liquid ammonia: Johnson, Isenberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 1349 (1935); Clasen, DE 926069 (1952); Angew. Chem. 70, 179 (1958); from lithium aluminum hydride in ether and silicon tetrachloride: Finholt et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2692 (1947); from silica gel, aluminum oxide and hydrogen: Jackson, US 3068069 (1962 to du Pont); from silicon tetrachloride and sodium aluminum hydride: Mason, Kelly, US 3043664 (1962 to Allied Chem.). Purification: Jacob, Trenner, US 3019087 (1962 to Merck & Co.); Shoemaker, Sumrell, US 3041141 (1962 to Baker Chem.).

Properties

Gas, repulsive odor. d-185 (liq) 0.68. Flammable. Solidifies at approx -200°. mp -185°; bp -112°. Stable at ordinary temps; completely dec ≈400° into silicon and hydrogen; dec by an electric discharge; ignites in an atm of chlorine; ignites in air by raising the temp. Slowly dec in water. Practically insol in alc, ether, benzene, chloroform, silicochloroform and silicon tetrachloride. Dec in potassium hydroxide solns.

Caution

Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, mucous membranes; nausea, headache. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 278.

Use

Source of hyperpure silicon for semiconductors.