Description and references

Liver-targeting antiviral nucleoside analog; 3-carboxamidine prodrug of ribavirin, q.v. Prepn of hydrochloride: J. T. Witkowski et al., DE 2220246; eidem, US 3798209 (1972, 1974 both to ICN); idem et al., J. Med. Chem. 16, 935 (1973). Improved synthesis: G. D. Kini et al., ibid. 32, 1447 (1989); B. Gabrielsen et al., ibid. 35, 3231 (1992). In vitro and in vivo efficacy vs Phlebovirus: R. W. Sidwell et al., Antiviral Res. 10, 193 (1988); vs influenza: idem et al., ibid. 68, 10 (2005). LC/MS/MS determn in plasma: Y. Liu et al., J. Chromatogr. B 832, 17 (2006). Liver-targeting properties and safety profile in animals: C. Lin et al., Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 14, 145 (2003). Mechanism of action study: J. Z. Wu et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 4006 (2004). Clinical pharmacokinetics in hepatitis C patients: S. Aora et al., J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45, 275 (2005).

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