Prepn: M. Freund, H. Michaels, Ber. 30, 1374 (1897); W. Hanhart, C. K. Ingold, J. Chem. Soc. 1927, 997. Base strength: L. Spialter, R. W. Moshier, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 5955 (1957). Effect on kinetics of gel polymerization: Y. Pegon, C. Quincy, J. Chromatogr. 100, 11 (1974); on gel pore size: H. Tamagawa et al., Polymer 41, 7201 (2000). Use as initiatior in electrophoresis: B. J. Bassam, S. Bentley, BioTechniques 19, 568 (1995); as chelator in biological redox systems: H. C. Chang, J. A. Bumpus, Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. Repub. China Part B 25, 26 (2001); as solvent in RPLC: L. Palego et al., Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 25, 519 (2001); in capillary isoelectric focusing: D. Mohan, C. S. Lee, J. Chromatogr. A 979, 271 (2002).