Nomenclature
CAS number: 8001-35-2
Chlorinated camphene; camphechlor; polychlorocamphene; Hercules 3956; Alltox; Geniphene; Motox (Tenneco); Phenacide; Phenatox; Strobane-T (Tenneco); Toxakil.
Description and references
A very complex, but reproducible mixture of
at least 177 C10 polychloro derivs, having an approx overall
empirical formula of C10H10Cl8.
Produced by the chlorination of camphene to 67-69% chlorine by weight
and made up of compds of C10H8Cl10, C10H18nCln (mostly polychlorobornanes)
and C10H16nCln (polychlorobornenes
and/or polychlorotricyclenes) with n = 6 to 9. Prepn: Buntin, US 2565471 (1951 to Hercules Powder). Isoln of components in crystalline form: Casida et
al., Science 183, 520 (1974); eidem, J. Agric.
Food Chem. 22, 939 (1974). Acute toxicity
data: T. B. Gaines, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14, 515 (1969). Mutagenicity studies: N. K. Hooper et al., Science 205, 591 (1979). Livestock toxicity and tissue residues: L. Penumarthy et al., Vet. Toxicol. 18, 60 (1976). Reviews: Liebmann et al., Arch. Pflanzenschutz 7, 131-150 (1971); F. Korte et al., Pure Appl. Chem. 51, 1583-1601 (1979); M.
A. Saleh, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 118, 1-85 (1990). Review of toxicology and human exposure:
Toxicological Profile for Toxaphene (PB97-121057, 1996) 252 pp.
Properties
Yellow waxy solid, mp 65-90°. Pleasant piney odor. Vapor pressure
at 20°: 3×107mm Hg. d25 1.630. Log P (octanol/water): 6.44. Dehydrochlorinates in the presence of alkali, prolonged
exposure to sunlight, and at temps about 155°. Soly in water:
3 mg/l. Freely sol in aromatic hydrocarbons. Corrosive to iron.
LD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 90, 80 orally; 1075, 780 dermally (Gaines).Caution
Potential symptoms of overexposure
are nausea, confusion, agitation, tremors, convulsions and unconsciousness;
dry, red skin. See NIOSH Pocket
Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997)
p 58. See also Clinical Toxicology
of Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al., Eds. (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 5th ed., 1984) Section
III, pp 386-387. This substance is reasonably anticipated to be a
human carcinogen: Report on Carcinogens,
Eleventh Edition (PB2005-104914, 2004) p III-259Use
Insecticide. Not recommended for use in dairy barns
or on milking animals (Penumarthy).