One of the zwitterionic amino acids known as “Good” buffers; active in the pH range 6-8.5. Prepn: N. E. Good, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 96, 653 (1962); and characterization: N. E. Good et al., Biochemistry 5, 467 (1966). Temperature effects on pK: R. N. Roy et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95, 8231 (1973); M. L. Soni, R. C. Kapoor, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 20, 385 (1981); and on pH: R. N. Roy et al., Cryobiology 22, 589 (1985). Scavenger of hydroxyl radicals: M. Hicks, J. M. Gebicki, FEBS Lett. 199, 92 (1986); B. Halliwell et al., Anal. Biochem. 165, 215 (1987). Use as buffer: R. S. Gardner, J. Cell Biol. 42, 320 (1969); R. S. Spendlove et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 137, 258 (1971); H. Schaegger, G. Von Jagow, Anal. Biochem. 166, 368 (1987).