Nomenclature
CAS number: 1404-88-2
“Dubos crude crystals”; Hydrotricine (RPR); Dermotricine (Bellon); Tyri 10 (Lindopharm); Tyrosur (Engelhard KG).
Description and references
Polypeptide antibiotic mixture extracted from
cultures of soil bacilli belonging to the Tyrothrix group
of bacteria. Usually obtained by extracting acidified cultures of Bacillus brevis with alc and precipitating with NaCl soln.
Surface, submerged, and aerated cultures are used. Tyrothricin contains
from 10 to 20% gramicidin and from 40 to 60% tyrocidine. Solubility
data: Weiss et al., Antibiot.
Chemother. 7, 374 (1957). Function in the
sporulation process: Sarkar, Paulus, Nature
New Biol. 239, 228 (1972). Toxicity data:
H. Sous et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 7, 98 (1957).
Properties
Gray to brown powder, decomp 215-220°. Has 2-3%
absorbed or combined moisture. Stable to light, air and temps up
to 50°. Practically insol in water. Sol in alcohol (about 28 mg/ml),
in methanol and in propylene glycol. One part of a 2% alcoholic soln
contg 10% formaldehyde soln U.S.P. dissolves in 49 parts of water
without cloudiness. Tyrothricin should not be dissolved in ether
or acetone as only the gramicidin component is soluble. Soly in mg/ml
at about 28°: water 2.1; isopropanol 5.6; benzene 0.30; isooctane
0.042; carbon tetrachloride 0.455; ethyl acetate 2.65; acetone 6.8;
ether 3.25; dioxane 11.1; chloroform 1.6. Aqueous suspensions may
be attacked by microorganisms. Solutions and emulsions should not
be sterilized by heat. Incompatible with alkalies and strong acids.
Tyrothricin gives a positive biuret and Hopkins-Cole test. LD50 in mice (mg/kg): >1500 s.c.; 100 i.p.;
>3000 orally (Sous).Therapeutic Category
Topical antibacterial.
Therapeutic Category (Veterinary)
Topical antibacterial.
Keywords
Antibacterial (Antibiotics); Polypeptides