Obtained by hydrolysis of nucleic acids, cf. Levene, Bass, Nucleic Acids (New York, 1931). Alternate routes of formation: Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 263 (1941); Fox, Harada, Science 133, 1923 (1961); Takemoto, Yamamoto, Synthesis 1971, 154. Several desmotropic forms. Crystal structure: Stewart, Acta Crystallogr. 23, 1102 (1967). Review: Ts'o “Bases, Nucleosides and Nucleotides” in Basic Principles in Nucleic Acid Chemistry vol. 1, P. O. P Ts'o, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974) pp 453-584.