From seed of Schoenocaulon officinale (Schlecht. & Cham.) A. Gray and also from the rhizome of Veratrum album L. Liliaceae. Can be isolated from commercial veratrine as the sparingly sol nitrate: Blount, J. Chem. Soc. 1935, 122; Vejdelek et al., Chem. Listy 50, 603 (1956); Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 22, 98 (1957). Purification and properties: L. C. McKinney et al., Anal. Biochem. 153, 33 (1986). Toxicity studies: O. Krayer et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 82, 167 (1944); K. Tanaka, ibid. 113, 89 (1955); Swiss, Bauer, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 76, 847 (1951). Review of chemistry and structure of veratridine and other Veratrum alkaloids: Kupchan, By, in The Alkaloids vol. 10, R. H. F. Manske, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1968) pp 193-285.