10039. Water

Nomenclature

CAS number: 7732-18-5
Hydrogen oxide.
H2O; mol wt 18.02.
H 11.19%, O 88.79%.

Description and references

Reviews: N. E. Dorsey, Properties of Ordinary Water-Substance, A.C.S. Monograph Series no. 81, (Reinhold, New York, 1940) 673 pp; D. Eisenberg, W. Kauzmann, The Structure and Properties of Water (Oxford University Press, New York, 1969) 296 pp; Ebsworth et al., in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol. 2, J. C. Bailar, Jr. et al., Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973) pp 741-747. Pyrogen-free water (water for injection) is distilled water rendered free of fever-producing proteins (bacteria and their metabolic products). Method of prepn: Ishizuka et al., C.A. 49, 15177 (1955).

Properties

Liquid. mp 0°. bp 100°. Expands on freezing. Temp of max density 3.98°. d3.98 1.000000 g/ml (0.999972 g/cc). d425 0.997. d0 (ice) 0.917 g/cc; d40 (liq) 0.999868. Density tables: Bigg, Br. J. Appl. Phys. 18, 521 (1967); Kell, J. Chem. Eng. Data 12, 66 (1967). One liter satd vapor weighs 0.5974 g at 100° and 760 mm. Crit temp 374.2°; crit pressure 218 atm. Sp. heat (liq; 14°) 1.000 cal/g/°C. Latent heat of fusion: 1.436 kcal/mole. Latent heat of vaporization: 9.717 kcal/mole. nD20 1.3330. Dielectric const (0°) 87.740. Dipole moment (25°) in benzene 1.76; in dioxane 1.86. K for pure water only (25°): 1.008×1014; at moderate concn of solutes (e.g. 1.0M KOH): K (25°) 0.971×1014. The most universal solvent known.