From bark of Corynanthe johimbe K. Schum., Rubiaceae: Warnat, Ber. 59, 2388 (1926); Hahn, Brandenberg, ibid. 60, 699 (1927). Identity with dihydroyohimbine: Heinemann, ibid. 67, 15 (1934). Structure and stereochemistry: LeHir et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1953, 1027; Janot et al., ibid. 1961, 637. Revised structure and total synthesis: Tke et al., J. Org. Chem. 38, 2496 (1973). Total synthesis: E. Wenkert et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 5370 (1979). Review: A. Chatterjee et al., “Rauwolfia Alkaloids” in Zechmeister, Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products vol. XIII (Springer Verlag, Vienna, 1956) pp 354-356.