Appendix XVII E. Flowability

(Ph. Eur. Method 2.9.16)

The test for flowability is intended to determine the ability of divided solids (for example, powders and granules) to flow vertically under defined conditions.

APPARATUS

According to the flow properties of the material to be tested, funnels with or without stem, with different angles and orifice diameters are used. Typical apparatuses are shown in Figures 2.9.16.-1 and 2.9.16.-2. The funnel is maintained upright by a suitable device. The assembly must be protected from vibrations.

METHOD

Into a dry funnel, whose bottom opening has been blocked by suitable means, introduce without compacting a test sample weighed with 0.5 per cent accuracy. The amount of the sample depends on the apparent volume and the apparatus used. Unblock the bottom opening of the funnel and measure the time needed for the entire sample to flow out of the funnel. Carry out three determinations.

EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

The flowability is expressed in seconds and tenths of seconds, related to 100 g of sample.

The results depend on the storage conditions of the material to be tested.

The results can be expressed as the following:

a) the mean of the determinations, if none of the individual values deviates from the mean value by more than 10 per cent;

b) as a range, if the individual values deviate from the mean value by more than 10 per cent;

c) as a plot of the mass against the flow time;

d) as an infinite time, if the entire sample fails to flow through.

Figure 2.9.16.-1. –Flow funnel and nozzle. Nozzle is made of stainless, acid-resistant steel (V4A,CrNi)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 2.9.16.-2

Dimensions in millimetres