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I. Introduction: the Existing Situation |
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II. Differences between Research and Development |
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III. Monitoring and Controlling R & D Costs |
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A. Elements of the Budget |
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B. Considerations in Budget Control |
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IV. Balance between Research and Development |
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V. Factors that Contribute to R & D Costs and Ways to Control them |
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A. Effectiveness |
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B. Efficiency |
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C. Quality |
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D. Innovation |
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E. Integrity |
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VI. The R & D Portfolio |
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A. Portfolio Considerations and Complications |
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B. Dimensions and Criteria for Portfolio Analysis |
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