Entry

H01360                      Disease

Name

Allergic rhinitis

Description

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammation of nasal mucosa mediated by IgE-associated processes, which is characterised by pruritus, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, and nasal congestion. The development of AR entails a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to different factors, of which the most important is the implicated allergen. Single-nucleotide polymorphism studies involving genes encoding for molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of AR have also been made. Such molecules comprise chemokines and their receptors, interleukins and their receptors, eosinophil peroxidase and leukotrienes, among others.

Category

Immune system disease

Brite

Human diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system diseases
  Allergies and autoimmune diseases
   H01360  Allergic rhinitis
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
12 Diseases of the respiratory system
  Upper respiratory tract disorders
   CA08  Vasomotor or allergic rhinitis
    H01360  Allergic rhinitis

Related
pathway

hsa04060

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Gene

GATA3 (polymorphism) [HSA:2625] [KO:K17895]
IL-13 (polymorphism) [HSA:3596] [KO:K05435]
IL-18 (polymorphism) [HSA:3606] [KO:K05482]
IL-28RA (polymorphism) [HSA:163702] [KO:K05140]
EPO (polymorphism) [HSA:2056] [KO:K05437]
CCXCR1 (polymorphism) [HSA:2829] [KO:K04193]
CCR1 (polymorphism) [HSA:1230] [KO:K04176]
CCR2 (polymorphism) [HSA:729230] [KO:K04177]
CCR3 (polymorphism) [HSA:1232] [KO:K04178]
CCR5 (polymorphism) [HSA:1234] [KO:K04180]
SDAD1 (polymorphism) [HSA:55153] [KO:K14856]
CXCL9 (polymorphism) [HSA:4283] [KO:K05416]
CXCL10 (polymorphism) [HSA:3627] [KO:K12671]
CXCL11 (polymorphism) [HSA:6373] [KO:K12672]
RANTES (polymorphism) [HSA:6352] [KO:K12499]
Eotaxin-3 (polymorphism) [HSA:10344] [KO:K21096]
CD14 (polymorphism) [HSA:929] [KO:K04391]
FOXJ1 (polymorphism) [HSA:2302] [KO:K09402]
FCGR2A (polymorphism) [HSA:2212] [KO:K06472]

Drug

Triamcinolone acetonide [DR:D00983]
Dexamethasone [DR:D00292]
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate [DR:D00975]
Hydrocortisone [DR:D00088]
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate [DR:D00978]
Prednisolone [DR:D00472]
Prednisolone sodium phosphate [DR:D00981]
Prednisone [DR:D00473]
Budesonide [DR:D00246]
Beclomethasone dipropionate [DR:D00689]
Beclomethasone dipropionate monohydrate [DR:D11572]
Promethazine hydrochloride [DR:D00480]
Clemastine fumarate [DR:D00666]
Methylprednisolone [DR:D00407]
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate [DR:D00751]
Methylprednisolone acetate [DR:D00979]
Mometasone furoate [DR:D00690]
Fluticasone furoate [DR:D06315]
Cortisone acetate [DR:D00973]
Azithromycin [DR:D06390]
Azelastine hydrochloride [DR:D00659]
Olopatadine hydrochloride [DR:D01192]
Ciclesonide [DR:D01703]
Fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride [DR:D10252]
Desloratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate [DR:D10850]
Montelukast sodium [DR:D00529]
Carbinoxamine maleate [DR:D01336]
Dexchlorpheniramine maleate [DR:D00668]
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride [DR:D08118]
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride [DR:D02234]
Fexofenadine hydrochloride [DR:D00671]
Desloratadine [DR:D03693]
Azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate [DR:D11656]

Other DBs

ICD-11:

CA08.0

ICD-10:

J30

MeSH:

C567078

OMIM:

607154

Reference

PMID:19476051

Authors

Davila I, Mullol J, Ferrer M, Bartra J, del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Jauregui I, Sastre J, Valero A

Title

Genetic aspects of allergic rhinitis.

Journal

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 19 Suppl 1:25-31 (2009)

Reference

PMID:22053313

Authors

Pawankar R, Mori S, Ozu C, Kimura S

Title

Overview on the pathomechanisms of allergic rhinitis.

Journal

Asia Pac Allergy 1:157-67 (2011)
DOI:10.5415/apallergy.2011.1.3.157

Reference

PMID:21913195

Authors

Mucci T, Govindaraj S, Tversky J

Title

Allergic rhinitis.

Journal

Mt Sinai J Med 78:634-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/msj.20287

Reference

PMID:21783242

Authors

Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, Scadding GK

Title

Allergic rhinitis.

Journal

Lancet 378:2112-22 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60130-X

Reference

PMID:21784174

Authors

Mandhane SN, Shah JH, Thennati R

Title

Allergic rhinitis: an update on disease, present treatments and future prospects.

Journal

Int Immunopharmacol 11:1646-62 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.005

Reference

PMID:18360551

Authors

Wang DY

Title

Risk factors of allergic rhinitis: genetic or environmental?

Journal

Ther Clin Risk Manag 1:115-23 (2005)
DOI:10.2147/tcrm.1.2.115.62907

Reference

PMID:24535140

Authors

Braido F, Arcadipane F, Marugo F, Hayashi M, Pawankar R

Title

Allergic rhinitis: current options and future perspectives.

Journal

Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 14:168-76 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000043

DISEASE: Allergic rhinitis