Effectiveness of the Natural Antioxidant 2,4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone on the Oxidation of Sunflower Oil during Storage


Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 2,4,4''-trihydroxychalcone as a natural antioxidant on the oxidation of sunflower oil during an 88-day storage period and to compare its strength with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Seven groups of the sunflower oil samples were prepared: pure oil (control), oil treated with different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 ppm) of 2,4,4''-trihydroxychalcone, and oil treated with different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 ppm) of BHT. Specific parameters, namely, the peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value and total oxidation (TOTOX) value were used to assess the extent of the deterioration of the oil by estimating the primary and secondary oxidation products. The results showed that 2,4,4''-trihydroxychalcone effectively decreased the production of the primary and secondary oxidation products of sunflower oil during storage, as indicated by reductions in the PVs, AVs, p-AnVs, TBARS values and TOTOX values of the sunflower oil. When compared to BHT, 2,4,4''-trihydroxychalcone showed either a similar or stronger effect in inhibiting the primary and secondary oxidation products. These findings suggest that, 2,4,4''-trihydroxychalcone is a suitable natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil.

Keywords: 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone; butylated hydroxytolene (BHT); food industries; lipid oxidation; natural antioxidants; oil rancidity; oxidative stability; sunflower oil; synthetic antioxidants; vegetable oils.

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflict to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean peroxide value (PV) for pure sunflower oil, oil with (A) 100 ppm, (B) 500 ppm and (C) 1000 ppm antioxidants during storage periods (88 days). The error bars show SEM. Different upper-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between PV of oil with the same dose of antioxidant but at different storage periods. Different lower-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between PV of pure sunflower oil and oil with antioxidants at the same storage period. N: natural, S: synthetic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean acid value (AV) for pure sunflower oil, oil with (A) 100 ppm, (B) 500 ppm and (C) 1000 ppm antioxidants during storage periods (88 days). The error bars show SEM. Different upper-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between AV of oil with the same dose of antioxidant but at different storage periods. Different lower-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between AV of pure sunflower oil and oil with antioxidants at the same storage period. N: natural, S: synthetic.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean p-Anisidine value (p-AnV) for pure sunflower oil, oil with (A) 100 ppm, (B) 500 ppm and (C) 1000 ppm antioxidants during storage periods (88 days). The error bars show SEM. Different upper-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between p-AnV of oil with the same dose of antioxidant but at different storage periods. Different lower-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between p-AnV of pure sunflower oil and oil with antioxidants at the same storage period. N: natural, S: synthetic.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value for pure sunflower oil, oil with (A) 100 ppm, (B) 500 ppm and (C) 1000 ppm antioxidants during storage periods (88 days). The error bars show SEM. Different upper-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between TBARS of oil with the same dose of antioxidant but at different storage periods. Different lower-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between TBARS of pure sunflower oil and oil with antioxidants at the same storage period. N: natural, S: synthetic.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mean total oxidation (TOTOX) value for pure sunflower oil, oil with (A) 100 ppm, (B) 500 ppm and (C) 1000 ppm antioxidants during storage periods (88 days). The error bars show SEM. Different upper-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between TOTOX of oil with the same dose of antioxidant but at different storage periods. Different lower-case letters denote a significant difference (p < 0.05) between TOTOX of pure sunflower oil and oil with antioxidants at the same storage period. N: natural, S: synthetic.
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