Coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae. Extraction from seed: Barnett, Espoy, US 2815287 (1957); Kocher, US 2831775 (1958). Contains bixins, q.v., and several other yellow to orange-red pigments which give carotene reactions: Diemair et al., Naturwissenschaften 39, 211 (1933). Review of chemistry and applications: P. Collins, Food Ingred. Proc. Int. 13, 23-27 (1992). See also: Colour Index vol. 3 (3rd ed., 1971) p. 3233.