Axially disymmetric bis(triaryl)phosphine ligand. Synthesis: A. Miyashita et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 7932 (1980); preparative scale synthesis of enantiomers: eidem, Tetrahedron 40, 1245 (1984). Review of asymmetric synthesis by metal-BINAP catalysts: S. Akutagawa, Appl. Catal. A 128, 171-207 (1995). Review of industrial applications: H. Kumobayashi, Rec. Trav. Chim. 115, 201-210 (1996); idem et al., Synlett 2001, S1 1055-1064.