Description and references

d-Carvone is found in caraway seed and dill seed oils: Schweizer, J. Prakt. Chem. 24, 257 (1841); Gladstone, J. Chem. Soc. 25, 1 (1872). Isoln of d-carvone from mandarin peel oil (Citrus reticulata Blanco, Rutaceae): Kugler, Kováts, Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1480 (1963). l-Carvone is found in spearmint and kuromoji oils: Kwaenick, Ber. 24, 82 (1891). dl-Carvone is found in gingergrass oil: Walbaum, Hüthig, J. Prakt. Chem. 71, 459 (1905). Prepn from α-pinene: Booth, Klein, US 2796428 (1957 to Glidden). Structure: Wagner, Ber. 27, 2270 (1894); Tiemann, Semmler, ibid. 28, 2147 (1895). Synthesis of l-carvone: Royals, Horne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 5856 (1951); Shono et al., Chem. Lett. 1975, 4330. Synthesis of dl-carvone: Suga, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 31, 569 (1958); I. Fleming, I. Patterson, Synthesis 1979, 736. Toxicity study: P. M. Jenner et al., Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 2, 327 (1964). Review: J. L. Simonsen, The Terpenes vol. I (University Press, Cambridge, 2nd ed., 1947) pp 394-408; B. Singaram, J. Verghese, Perfum. Flavor. 2, 47 (1977).

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