From tubers of Stephania cephalantha Hayata, and Stephania sasahii Hayata, Menispermaceae: Kondo et al., US 2206407 (1940); Kondo, Hasegawa, US 2248241 (1941). Structure: Kondo, Keimatsu, Ber. 71, 2553 (1938); Tomita, Sasaki, Pharm. Bull. 2, 89, 375 (1954). Total synthesis (dl-form): Tomita et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1967, 1201.