2531. Coriander

Description and references

Annual plant, Coriandrum sativum L., Umbelliferae, with characteristic “bug-like” odor. Habit. Asia, Europe, North and South America. Constit. About 1% volatile oil; fixed oils, malic acid, tannin, mucilage. Medicinal parts are the dried ripe fruit and volatile oil. The leaf, known as cilantro, and whole or ground seeds are used in cooking. Description and medicinal uses: M. Wichtl, N. G. Bisset, Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, English Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994) pp 159-160. Production and constituents of seed oil: B. M. Smallfield et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 118 (2001).

Derivative

Volatile oil.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 8008-52-4

Description and references

Obtained by steam distillation of dried ripe fruit. Constit. Chiefly 60-70% linalool, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, limonene, camphor, geraniol and geranyl acetate.

Properties

Colorless or pale yellow liquid. d2525 0.863-0.875. αD25 +8 to +15°. nD20 1.4620-1.4720. Almost insol in water; sol in 3 vols 70% alcohol; more sol in stronger alcohol; very sol in chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid.

Use

Flavoring in foods; component of spice blends such as curry powder.

Therapeutic Category

Carminative.