Prepn: H. T. Clarke et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 4571 (1933); D. E. Pearson, J. D. Bruton, ibid. 73, 864 (1951). Mutagenicity study: N. Colman et al., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 164, 9 (1980). Constituent of some products sold in the U.S. as “pangamic acid”.