Dialkyl phthalate ester plasticizer used to impart softness and flexiblilty to PVC products. Prepn: P. J. Garner, G. Watson, US 2508911 (1950 to Shell). Effects on behavior and properties of PVC: S. V. Patel, M. Gilbert, Plast. Rubber Process. Appl. 6, 321 (1986); eidem, ibid. 8, 215 (1987). Effects of temperature on viscosity and density: L. D. Lorenzi et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data 43, 183 (1998). GC/MS determn in toys: R. Stringer et al., Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 7, 27 (2000). Review: L. G. Krauskopf, Plast. Compd. 6, 28-38 (1983). Review of environmental fate: C. A. Staples et al., Chemosphere 35, 667-749 (1997). Review of health effects and risk assessment: C. F. Wilkinson, J. C. Lamb, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30, 140-155 (1999); and environmental fate and toxicology: U. S. Gill et al., Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 172, 87-127 (2001).