From the bark of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., A. congensis Engl., Apocynaceae; A. neriifolia: Hesse, Ann. 203, 150 (1880); Goodson, Henry, J. Chem. Soc. 127, 1640 (1925); Goodson, ibid. 1932, 2626; Chakravarti et al., Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med. 16, 81 (1968), C.A. 71, 3529f (1969); Roy, Chatterjee, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 45, 21 (1968). Structure: Hamilton et al., Proc. Chem. Soc. London 1961, 63; J. Chem. Soc. 1962, 5061. Abs config: Manohar, Ramaseshan, Tetrahedron Lett. 1961, 814. Synthetic studies: Fritz, Fischer, Tetrahedron 20, 1737 (1964); Dolby, Esfandiari, J. Org. Chem. 37, 43 (1972). Review: Govindachari, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 45, 945-957 (1968).