4024. Ferrichromes
Description and references
Growth-promoting iron chelates. Ferrichrome and ferrichrome A first isolated from the rust fungus, Ustilago sphaerogena: Neilands, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74, 4846 (1952); Garibaldi, Neilands, ibid. 77, 2429 (1955). Ferrichrome and four related compounds, ferrichrysin, ferricrocin, ferrirubin and ferrirhodin have also been isolated from Aspergillaceae and from Penicillium resticulosum: Zhner et al., Arch. Mikrobiol. 45, 119 (1963); Keller-Schierlein, Deer, Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1907 (1963); Keller-Schierlein, ibid. 1920. Ferrichromes are cyclic hexapeptides containing three small, neutral amino acids and three derivatives of δ-N-hydroxy-l-ornithine [HONH(CH2)3CH(NH2)COOH]. Structure: Rogers, Neilands, Biochemistry 3, 1850 (1964). Crystal and molecular structure of ferrichrome A: Zalkin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 1810 (1966). Synthesis of ferrichrome: Keller-Schierlein, Maurer, Helv. Chim. Acta 52, 603 (1969); Isowa et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 47, 215 (1974). Reviews of ferrichromes and other hydroxamic acids: Neilands, Struct. Bonding 1, 59-108 (1966); Emery, Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 35, 135-185 (1971); J. B. Neilands, Bioinorg. Chem. II, K. N. Raymond, Ed. (A.C.S., Washington, 1977), pp 3-32.
