Prepn: Feuerstein, Kostanecki, Ber. 31, 1757 (1898); Kostanecki, Tambor, Ber. 33, 330 (1900); Kostanecki, Szabranski, Ber. 37, 2634 (1904); Ruhemann, Ber. 46, 2192 (1913); Bogert, Marcus, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41, 89 (1919). Isoln from Primula malacoides, Franch., Primulaceae and biological properties: Weller et al., Antibiot. Chemother. 3, 603 (1953). Syntheses: Wheeler, Org. Synth. coll. vol. IV, 478 (1963); Y. Ashihara et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 50, 3298 (1977); A. Banerji, N. C. Goomer, Synthesis 1980, 874.