4335. d-Galactose
Nomenclature
Description and references
Constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides occurring in pectins, gums, and mucilages. Prepn: Kent, Tollens, Ann. 227, 224 (1885); E. P. Clark, J. Biol. Chem. 47, 2 (1921). Mutarotation and purification of β-form: C. S. Hudson, E. Yanosky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39, 1021 (1917). Structural configuration: J. Pryde, J. Chem. Soc. 123, 1809 (1923); W. Charlton et al., ibid. 1926, 94; W. N. Haworth et al., ibid. 1927, 2428; E. L. Jackson, C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 994 (1937); R. M. Hann et al., ibid. 66, 1912 (1944). Isoln in the processing of the red algae, Porphyra umbilicalis: S. Peat et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1961, 1590. Review: W. Pigman, The Carbohydrates (Academic Press, New York, 1957) pp 88-90. Review of diagnostic use: W. J. Schirmer et al., J. Surg. Res. 41, 543 (1986).
Derivative
α-Form.Properties
Prisms from water or ethanol, mp 167°. [α]D +150.7° → +80.2° (water). Soluble in about 0.5 parts water; freely sol in hot water; final soly in water at 25° = 68%; sol in pyridine; slightly sol in alcohol.Derivative
β-Form.Properties
Crystals, mp 167°. [α]D +52.8° → +80.2° (water). Sol in 1.7 parts water at 17°.Derivative
Monohydrate.Properties
Prisms from water, mp 118-120°.Derivative
Microparticulate Form.Nomenclature
Description and references
Suspension of galactose microparticle granules in a galactose solution. Prepn: J. S. Rasor, E. G. Tickner, EP 131540 (1985 to Schering). Series of articles on in vivo use in echocardiography: Arzneim.-Forsch. 36, 1030-1040 (1986). Review of formulations and clinical diagnostic use: R. Schürmann, R. Schlief, Radiol. Med. 87, Suppl. 1, 15-23 (1994).
Derivative
Transpulmonary Microparticulate Form.Nomenclature
Description and references
Suspension of galactose microparticle granules containing 0.1% physiologic palmitic acid in a sterile water solution.
Therapeutic Category
Diagnostic aid (hepatic function). Microparticulate forms as diagnostic aid (ultrasound contrast agent).
Keywords
Diagnostic Aid