Description and references

Biogenic amine widely distributed in nature; decarboxylation product of histidine, q.v. Present in most mammalian tissues; primarily stored in mast cells and basophils. Exhibits multiple biological effects through at least 3 specific receptors. Induces bronchoconstriction and vasodilation; stimulates gastric acid secretion; and acts as a neurotransmitter. Synthesis: A. Windaus, W. Vogt, Ber. 40, 3691 (1907); F. L. Pyman, J. Chem. Soc. 101, 530 (1912). Identification as vasodilator: H. H. Dale, P. P. Laidlaw, J. Physiol. 41, 318 (1910). Toxicity data: K. Nagai et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 17, 1575 (1967). Diagnostic use in pheochromocytoma: T. Nakai, R. Yamada, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57, 19 (1983); in airway responsiveness: A. James, G. Ryan, Respirology 2, 97 (1997). Clinical efficacy in combination with interleukin-2, q.v., in treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia: K. Hellstrand et al., Leuk. Lymphoma 27, 429 (1997). Mechanism of antineoplastic activity: eidem, Acta Oncol. 37, 347 (1998). Review of assay methods for determn in plasma: E. Oosting et al., Clin. Exp. Allergy 20, 349-357 (1990). Review of role in allergic disease: M. V. White, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 86, 599-605 (1990); in gastric acid secretion: K. J. Obrink, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 26, Suppl. 180, 4-8 (1991); in homeostatic energy metabolism: T. Sakata et al., Nutrition 13, 403-411 (1997). Review of pharmacology and classification of receptors: S. J. Hill et al., Pharmacol. Rev. 49, 253-278 (1997).

Properties

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