10326. Histatins

Nomenclature

Histidine-rich proteins; parotid basic proteins; post-parotid basic proteins.

Description and references

Group of small, cationic, salivary proteins with antimicrobial and wound healing properties. Histatins bind to hydroxyapatite and have a role in the acquired enamel pellicle of human teeth. Produced and secreted by the parotid and submandibular salivary glands; histatins 1, 3, and 5 are the most abundant. Histatins 1 and 3 are the primary gene products; other histatins are proteolytic fragments of the 2 parent proteins. Isoln of histidine-rich proteins from human parotid saliva: D. I. Hay, Arch. Oral Biol. 20, 553 (1975) DOI PubMed; B. J. Baum et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 177, 427 (1976) DOI PubMed. Characterization and structures of histatins 1, 3, 5: F. G. Oppenheim et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7472 (1988) PubMed; of 2, 4, and 6 -12: R. F. Troxler et al., J. Dent. Res. 69, 2 (1990) PubMed. Identification of HIS genes: L. M. Sabatini, E. A. Azen, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160, 495 (1989) DOI PubMed. Improved isoln via zinc precipitation: B. Flora et al., Protein Expression Purif. 23, 198 (2001) DOI PubMed. Review of structures, activity, and therapeutic potential as antifungal agents: H. Tsai, L. A. Bobek, Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 9, 480-497 (1998) PubMed; K. Kavanagh, S. Dowd, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56, 285-289 (2004) DOI PubMed. Wound-closure stimulating properties: M. J. Oudhoff et al., FASEB J. 22, 3805 (2008) DOI PubMed.

Chemical structure

Derivative

Histatin 1.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 115966-66-0 (unspecified); 101056-53-5 (human parotid saliva)
HRP-1; PPb.
C217H298N69O64P; mol wt 4928.09.
C 52.89%, H 6.09%, N 19.61%, O 20.78%, P 0.63%.

Description and references

Primary translation product of the HIS1 gene; contains 38 amino acid residues, including a phosphorylated serine at position 2.

Properties

pI 7.04.

Derivative

Histatin 3.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 115966-67-1 (unspecified); 112844-49-2 (human parotid saliva)
HRP-3; Pbe.
C178H258N64O48; mol wt 4062.35.
C 52.63%, H 6.40%, N 22.07%, O 18.90%.

Description and references

Primary translation product of the HIS2 gene; contains 32 amino acid residues.

Properties

pI >9.5.

Derivative

Histatin 5.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 115966-68-2
HRP-5; Pbb.
C133H195N51O33; mol wt 3036.29.
C 52.61%, H 6.47%, N 23.53%, O 17.39%.

Description and references

Proteolytic cleavage product of histatin 3 corresponding to residues 1-24.