Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Jensen) Waksman & Henrici, from forest soil near Indianapolis, Ind: R. L. Mann et al., Antibiot. Chemother. 3, 1279 (1953). Produced also by Streptomyces noboritoensis from soil collected in Kanawaga Prefecture. Identity of homomycin and hygromycin: K. Isono et al., J. Antibiot. 10A, 21 (1957). Structure: eidem, ibid. 160; R. L. Mann, D. O. Woolf, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 120 (1957). Abs config: K. Kakinuma, Y. Sakagami, Agric. Biol. Chem. 42, 279 (1978). Synthesis of the sugar component: M. Nakajima, S. Takahashi, ibid. 31, 1082 (1967). Total synthesis: N. Chida et al., Chem. Commun. 1989, 436. Peptide synthesis inhibitor: M. Guerrero, J. Modolell, Eur. J. Biochem. 107, 409 (1980).