Isoln from coconut oil: Dale, Meara, J. Sci. Food Agric. 6, 162 (1955); Naudet et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1959, 718; from arecanut fat: Pathak, Mathur, J. Sci. Food Agric. 5, 461 (1954); from Holoptelea integrifolia seed oil: Badami, ibid. 13, 297 (1962). Synthesis: Ballard et al., US 2572238 (1951 to Shell); Langenbeck, Richter, Ber. 89, 202 (1956); Sprowls, US 2782214 (1957 to Baker Castor Oil); Zapesochnoya et al., Zh. Obshch. Khim. 33, 2552 (1963). Toxicity study: L. Or, A. Wretlind, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 18, 141 (1961).