One of a group of pyrrolizidine alkaloids whose common feature is a unique oxygen bridge. Isoln from seeds of Lolium cuneatum Nevski, Gramineae: S. Y. Yunusov, S. T. Akramov, J. Gen. Chem. USSR 25, 1765 (1955); from tall fescue hay, Festuca arundinaceae Schreb., Gramineae: Yates, Tookey, Aust. J. Chem. 18, 53 (1965). Identity with festucine: Aasen, Culvenor, ibid. 22, 2021 (1969). Identity with methyl-N-depropionyldecorticasine: Ribas et al., An. Quim. 64, 516 (1968), C.A. 69, 109764c (1968). Abs config: R. B. Bates, S. R. Morehead, Tetrahedron Lett. 1972, 1629. Synthesis of bisquaternary salts: N. P. Abdullaev et al., Khim. Prir. Soedin. 3, 371 (1977), C.A. 88, 23216 (1978). Synthetic and structural studies: S. R. Wilson et al., J. Org. Chem. 46, 3887 (1981).