6315. Mustard

Description and references

Annual plant with bright yellow flowers; varieties of Brassica spp. (also known as Sinapsis spp) Cruciferae. Habit. Europe, Asia, naturalized in U.S. Constit. Sinigrin (potassium myronate), myrosin, sinapine sulfocyanate, fixed oil; erucic, behenic, and sinapolic acids. Parts used are the seeds and the oils produced from them. Only black mustard yields a volatile oil which consists almost entirely of allyl isothiocyanate, q.v. Brief review: S. Arctander in Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin (Elizabeth, NJ, 1960) pp 424-425.

Derivative

Black mustard.

Nomenclature

Brown mustard; red mustard.

Description and references

Dried ripe seeds of B. nigra (L.) Koch.

Derivative

White mustard.

Nomenclature

Yellow mustard.

Description and references

Dried ripe seeds of B. alba (L.) Boiss.

Derivative

Fixed oil.

Description and references

Vegetable oil expressed from the seeds of both black and white mustard. Constit. Chiefly the glycerides of oleic acid and other fatty acids, including arachidic.

Properties

Straw-colored or brownish-yellow, or greenish-brown liquid. d1515 0.914-0.916. Solidif -8° to -16°. nD40 1.4655-1.4670. Sapon no. 170-174. Iodine no. 92-97. Insol in water; slightly sol in alcohol; miscible with chloroform, ether, petr ether.

Use

Flavoring agent for foods. Fixed oil as cooking oil.

Therapeutic Category

Counterirritant; has also been used as an emetic.