Decompn product of chlorophyll: Willst"atter, Ann. 354, 205 (1907); 371, 1 (1909); 378, 1, 73 (1911); 418, 121 (1918). Synthesis: Fischer, L"owenberg, Ann. 475, 183 (1929); Karrer, Ringier, Helv. Chim. Acta 22, 610 (1939); Karrer et al., ibid. 26, 1741 (1943); from ethyl levulinate: Lukes, Zobacova, Chem. Listy 51, 330 (1957); from acetone: Sato et al., J. Org. Chem. 32, 177 (1967). Stereochemistry: Burrell et al., Proc. Chem. Soc. London 1959, 263. Abs config: Crabbe et al., ibid. 1959, 264. Stereochemistry and synthesis: Burrell et al., J. Chem. Soc. C 1966, 2144. Stereoselective total synthesis of natural phytol: T. Fujisawa et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 22, 4823 (1981); M. Schmid et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 65, 684 (1982). Review: J. Simonsen, D. H. R. Barton, The Terpenes vol. III (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1952) pp 345-349.