Description and references

α₁-Adrenergic blocker isolated from bark of Corynanthe johimbe K. Schum., Rubiaceae: H. Heinemann, Ber. 67, 15 (1934); from roots of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth., Apocynaceae: S. Siddiqui, R. H. Siddiqui, J. Indian Chem. Soc. 8, 667 (1931); A. H. Popelak et al., Naturwissenschaften 40, 625 (1953); A. Hofmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 37, 849 (1954); M. W. Klohs et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1332 (1954). Review of early literature: R. E. Woodson et al., Rauwolfia: Botany, Pharmacognosy, Chemistry and Pharmacology (Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1957) 147 pp. Structure: Goutarel, Le Hir, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 18, 909 (1951). Stereochemistry: Wenkert et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 5037 (1961); Shamma, Richey, ibid. 85, 2507 (1963). Total synthesis of dl-form: van Tamelen, Placeway, ibid. 83, 2594 (1961); van Tamelen et al., ibid. 91, 7359 (1969); J. Gutzwiller et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 64, 1663 (1981); T. Kametani et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1981, 3168. Biosynthesis: N. Nagakura et al., ibid. 1979, 2308; M. Rueffer et al., Chem. Commun. 1979, 1016. Pharmacokinetics: A. Marzo et al., Farmaco Ed. Prat. 36, 173 (1981). Clinical evaluation of platelet anti-aggregant activity: J. Neuman et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 36, 1394 (1986). Evaluation of combination with almitrine, q.v., in cerebral ischemia in rats: M. G. Borzeix, J. Cahn, ibid. 37, 491 (1987).

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