8381. Sassafras

Nomenclature

Saxifrax; ague tree; cinnamon wood; saloop.

Description and references

Deciduous tree, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Lauraceae; also known as S. variifolium (Salisb.) Kuntze, and S. officinale Nees & Eberm. Medicinal parts are the peeled and dried root bark, root wood, and essential oil of the root wood; traditionally used as carminative, diuretic, dermatologic and antirheumatic. Habit. North America. Constit. Volatile oil (5-9%), isoquinoline alkaloids (<0.1%), lignins such as sesamin, resin, sitosterol, starch, tannins, wax. Review of pharmacology: D. Hutson, M. J. Cupp in Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of Herbal Products, M. J. Cupp, Ed. (Humana Press, Totowa, 2000) pp 245-252; of constituents and traditional uses: J. Barnes et al., Herbal Medicines (Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2nd Ed., 2002) pp 414-416.

Derivative

Volatile oil.

Nomenclature

CAS number: 8006-80-2
Oil of sassafras.

Description and references

Obtained from the root. Constit. 80-90% safrole, eugenol, α-pinene, α- and β-phellandrene, asarone, d-camphor, myristicin.

Properties

Yellow to reddish-yellow liquid; characteristic odor and taste of sassafras. d2525 1.065-1.077. αD25 +2 to +4°. nD20 1.5250-1.5350. Very slightly sol in water; sol in 2 vols 90% alcohol. Keep well closed, cool and protected from light.

Caution

Reported to be toxic and carcinogenic due to the content of safrole, q.v. Potential symptoms of overexposure include vomiting, stupor, spasm followed by paralysis (Barnes).

Use

Formerly as flavoring in beverages such as root beer. Oil as scent in perfumes and soaps.