Single-chain protein produced by β-hemolytic streptococci; mol wt ≈47 kDa. Activates plasminogen to produce plasmin which dissolves fibrin. Discovery: W. S. Tillet, R. L. Garner, J. Exp. Med. 58, 485 (1933). Isoln from streptococcal culture filtrates: L. R. Christensen, J. Gen. Physiol. 28, 363 (1945). Purification: M. Siegel et al., US 3042586 (1962 to Merck & Co.); P. K. Siiteri, R. D. Mills, US 3226304 (1965 to Am. Cyanamid); and characterization: E. C. De Renzo et al., J. Biol. Chem. 242, 533 (1967). Review of isoln, assay and properties: F. B. Taylor, R. H. Tomar, Methods Enzymol. 19, 807-821 (1970); F. Castellino, Jr. et al., ibid. 45B, 244-257 (1976); of mechanism of action: K. N. N. Reddy in Fibrinolysis, D. L. Kline, K. N. N. Reddy, Eds. (CRC, Boca Raton, 1980) pp 71-94. Clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction: J. L. Anderson et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 308, 1312 (1983); ISIS-2 Collaborative Group, Lancet 2, 349 (1988). Clinical comparison with alteplase (tPA): GISSI-2 and Int. Study Group, Eur. Heart J. 13, 1692 (1992). Pharmacokinetics: D. S. Grierson, T. D. Bjornsson, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 41, 304 (1987). Review of clinical efficacy in deep venous thrombosis: L. Q. Rogers, C. L. Lutcher, Am. J. Med. 88, 389-395 (1990); in myocardial infarction: K. L. Goa et al., Drugs 39, 693-719 (1990); P. E. Battershill et al., Drugs Aging 4, 63-86 (1994). Review of mechanism of action and production methods: A. Banerjee et al., Biotechnol. Adv. 22, 287-307 (2004).
Thrombolytic.
Thrombolytic