Description and references

One of the bioactive forms of thiamine; concentrated in neurons and in excitable tissues such as skeletal muscle. Believed to have a noncofactor role in nerve function. Prepn: L. Velluz et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 15, 871 (1948); Roux et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 30, 592 (1948); M. Viscontini et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 32, 1478 (1949). Relation to thiamine diphosphate: L. Velluz et al., J. Biol. Chem. 180, 1137 (1949). Identification in rat liver: A. Rossi-Fanelli et al., Science 116, 711 (1952). Biosynthesis by baker's yeast: K.-H. Kiessling, Nature 172, 1187 (1953). Enzymatic synthesis: J. R. Cooper, K. Nishino, Methods Enzymol. 122, 24 (1986). Chromatographic determn in brain extracts: J. R. Cooper, T. Matsuda, ibid. 20. Review of metabolism, tissue distribution and potential neurophysiological role: J. R. Cooper, J. H. Pincus, Neurochem. Res. 4, 223-239 (1979); L. Bettendorff, Metab. Brain Dis. 9, 183-209 (1994).

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