Nomenclature
CAS number: 7440-63-3
Description and references
Xe; at. wt 131.29; at. no. 54. Valences 2,
4, 6, 8. Group VIIIA(18), also known as Group 0. A noble gas characterized
by an electronic structure in which the outer p subshell
is entirely filled. Naturally occurring stable isotopes (mass numbers):
124 (0.10%); 126 (0.09%); 128 (1.91%); 129 (26.4%); 130 (4.1%); 131
(21.2%); 132 (26.9%); 134 (10.4%); 136 (8.9%); known artificial, radioactive
isotopes: 110-123; 125; 127; 133; 135; 137-145. Discovered in the
final residues obtained after evaporating liq air: Ramsay, Travers, Proc. Roy. Soc. 63 [A], 405 (1898).
Occurs frequently in gases evolved from thermal springs; concentration
in air: 0.087 ppm by vol. Obtained commercially from the atmosphere
by distillation-liquefaction process. Extraction from liq air residues:
Allen, Moore, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 2512 (1931). Xenon platinum hexafluoride was the first reported xenon compound: N. Bartlett, Proc. Chem. Soc. London 1962, 218.
Teratogenicity study: G. A. Lane et al., Science 210, 899 (1980). Review
of biology, chemistry and anesthetic properties: R. M. Featherstone,
C. A. Muelbaecher, Pharmacol. Rev. 15, 97 (1963). Review of diagnostic use of radioactive
compds for pulmonary studies: F. Fazio, P. Wollman, Clin. Physiol. 1, 323 (1981);
for cerebral blood flow: H. Yonas et al., Adv. Tech. Stand. Neurosurg. 15, 3 (1987). Reviews of chemistry and compds: Noble-Gas Compounds, H. H. Hyman, Ed. (Univ. Chicago
Press, Chicago, 1963) 404 pp; J. H. Holloway, Noble-Gas Chemistry (Methuen, London, 1968) 213 pp; Sladky, “Noble
Gases” in MTP Int. Rev. Sci.: Inorg. Chem.,
Ser. One vol. 3, V. Gutman, Ed. (Butterworths,
London, 1972) pp 1-52; Cockett, Smith, “The Monatomic Gases” in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol.
1, J. C. Bailar, Jr. et al., Eds. (Pergamon Press,
Oxford, 1973) pp 139-211; Bartlett, Sladky, ibid. pp. 213-330;
S.-C. Hwang, W. R. Weltmer, Jr. in Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 13 (John Wiley & Sons, 4th ed., 1995) pp 1-38; G. J. Schrobilgen,
J. M. Whalen, ibid. pp 38-53; Chemistry
of the Elements N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Eds. (Pergamon
Press, New York, 1984) pp 1042-1059.
Properties
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, relatively inert,
monatomic gas; will form compds with highly electronegative elements
such as O, F, Cl. Non-flammable. Soly of gas in water (20°): 108.1 cm3/kg water. Triple
point temp 161.35 K, press 81.66 kPa. Critical temp 289.74 K, critical
press 5840 kPa, critical d 1100 kg/m3. Gas: d0 (101.3
kPa) 5.8971 kg/m3, d (normal bp) 11 kg/m3. Liquid: normal bp 108.13°, d (normal bp) 3057 kg/m3, d (triple pt) 3084 kg/m3, heat of vaporization (normal bp)
12.640 kJ/mol. Solid: d (triple pt) 3540 kg/m3, heat of vaporization (triple pt)
15.1 kJ/mol, heat of fusion (triple pt) 2.3 kJ/mol. Solid form exists
as face-centered cubic crystals at normal pressure. Spectrum: Collie, Proc. Roy. Soc. 97 [A], 349 (1920).
Emission spectra: T. Jacksier, R. M. Barnes, Appl. Spectrosc. 48, 65 (1994).Derivative
Xenon-133.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 14932-42-4
Xeneisol Xe 133 (Mallinckrodt).
Derivative
Hydrate.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 60212-94-4
Properties
Xe.xH2O, mp 24°, and a deuterate, Xe.6D2O, have been prepd: R. de Forcrand, Compt. Rend. 176, 355 (1923); 181, 15 (1925); Tamman, Krige, Z. Anorg. Chem. 146, 179 (1925).Derivative
Xenon difluoride.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 13709-36-9
F
2Xe; mol wt 169.29.
F 22.44%, Xe 77.56%.
Description and references
Prepd from the elements: Weeks et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 4612 (1962); Hoppe et al., Z.
Anorg. Allg. Chem. 324, 214 (1963).
Properties
Colorless crystals; d 4.32. Triple pt. 129.03°: Schreiner et al., J. Phys. Chem. 72, 1162 (1968). Sublimes without decompn. Soly in water
at 0°: 25 g/l.Derivative
Xenon tetrafluoride.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 13709-61-0
F
4Xe; mol wt 207.29.
F 36.66%, Xe 63.34%.
Description and references
First prepd by direct combination of the elements
at 6 atm and 400°: Claassen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 3593 (1962).
Properties
Colorless crystals; d 4.04. Triple pt 117.10°: Schreiner et al., loc. cit. Sublimes without decompn. Hydrolyzes
to form Xe, O2, HF and XeO3.Derivative
Xenon hexafluoride.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 13693-09-9
F
6Xe; mol wt 245.28.
F 46.47%, Xe 53.53%.
Description and references
Laboratory prepn: Chernick et al., Inorg. Synth. 8, 258
(1966).
Properties
Colorless solid; greenish-yellow vapor; vapor
press. about 30 mm at 25°. mp 49.48°; bp 75.57°; d24.4(solid) 3.411; d55.2(liq) 3.173: Schreiner et al., J. Chem. Phys. 51, 4838 (1969). Hydrolyzed by water to form XeOF4 and XeO3. More powerful oxidizing and fluorinating agent than XeF2 and XeF4. Cannot be stored in glass or quartz containers.Derivative
Xenon trioxide.
Nomenclature
CAS number: 13776-58-4
O
3Xe; mol wt 179.29.
O 26.77%, Xe 73.23%.
Description and references
Prepn: Williamson, Koch, Science 139, 1046 (1963); Jaselskis et
al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 2149 (1966).
Properties
Powerful explosive, formed when XeF4 and XeF6 are hydrolyzed. Colorless, hygroscopic
solid; d 4.55. Aqueous
solns, “xenic acid”, may be prepd in concns >2M.Caution
Can act as a simple asphyxiant by
displacing air. See: Matheson
Gas Data Book (Matheson Co., Inc., 4th ed., East Rutherford,
NJ, 1966) pp 499-500.Use
Gas in lamps designed to resemble natural daylight;
in lamps of extremely high brilliance. Isotopes in leak detection
systems for nuclear reactors.
Therapeutic Category
Anesthetic (inhalation). Xenon133 as diagnostic
aid (radioactive imaging agent).
Keywords
Anesthetic (Inhalation)
Xenon 133Xe: Diagnostic Aid (Radioactive Imaging Agent)